EMDR Therapy - A Modern Approach to Trauma Healing

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an innovative form of therapy developed by Francine Shapiro in the 1980s. EMDR therapy focuses on the brain's processing of information, with the goal of processing frozen memories, reducing unpleasant emotions, and strengthening positive beliefs about oneself. EMDR is used to treat a variety of mental disorders, but is particularly effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The method has been used in both adults and children, as well as in the treatment of addictions and other mental disorders.

EMDR Theoretical Model

EMDR therapy is based on the Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP). This model assumes that our everyday experiences are processed by the brain in order to achieve an adaptive form and integrated into affective-cognitive schemas. In the case of traumatic experiences, the information processing process can be blocked, leading to information being stored in an anxiety-provoking form, which in turn can cause a variety of psychological symptoms.

EMDR Mechanisms of Action

Scientific research on the mechanisms of EMDR action has been divided into three main categories:

1. Hypotheses based on psychological models: The most accepted hypothesis is based on the Baddeley and Hitch model of working memory. Eye movements and maintaining the image of the memory deplete working memory resources, which promotes degradation of the memory and a decrease in emotional charge.
2. Hypotheses based on psychophysiological models: Eye movements promote psychophysiological changes in the body, reducing arousal by activating the parasympathetic nervous system.
3. Hypotheses based on neurobiological models: Neuroimaging has demonstrated restoration of cortical control over subcortical structures of the limbic system, which promotes the integration of traumatic memories.

Techniques used in EMDR therapy

EMDR therapy uses bilateral stimulation, which involves receiving rapid alternating visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli. This stimulation helps to synchronize the work of both hemispheres of the brain, which facilitates the processing and reconsolidation of memories.

EMDR Therapy Protocol

EMDR therapy is structured and consists of eight phases:

1. Interview: Understanding and assessing the patient's clinical problem. The therapist gathers information about the patient's traumatic experienc